The effectiveness and safety of tubed and tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy types in the treatment of preschool-age pediatric kidney stones

The incidence of kidney stones in children has increased recent years. Unlike adults, the treatment pediatric is more difficult because size and high risk recurrence.
 present study aimed to evaluate management with percutaneous nephrolithotomy general both types (PCNL).
 Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional was conducted at Al-Safeer Al-Imam Al-Hussein Hospital from November 1, 2019 October 31, 2021. A total 90 were divided into 45 tubular PCNL tubeless PCNL. followed up for least six months postoperatively. 
 Results. After PCNL, only 4 not stone-free no injury noted, whereas sepsis noted one child. Renal status after stable renal function 97.8% improved 2.2% children, while deterioration noted. characteristics surgical procedure (except access), results significantly different among PCNL
 Conclusion. variants (with without tubing) a safe effective option stones.